Grip



P 1943- R. 1. SANDERSON I 2,450,094 GRIP I Filed Feb. 23, 1945Fill-"1-1- mvw Q INVENTOR. B05597 A flax 05550,

Patented Sept. 28, 1948 GRIP Robert I. Sanderson, Gary, Ind, assigno'rto carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation, a corporation of New JerseyApplication February 23, 1945, Serial No. 579,455

This invention relates to grips and is particularly concerned with thegrips used on tensile testing machines to grip the specimen beingpulled, the purpose being to provide a grip having the sturdiness andsimplicity of prior art grips but which is comprised of connected partswhich cannot completely disassemble to involve the annoyance of thevarious parts falling in different directionswhen the gripped object isreleased or the troubles encountered in trying to assemble a number ofparts to effect gripping of the object.

A specific example of the invention as it is applied to a tensiletesting machine is illustrated by the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical section;

Figure 2 is an end view of a detail;

Figure 3 is a vertical section of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is an elevation of Figures 2 and 3;

Figure 5 is an end view of another detail;

Figure 6 is a partly sectioned elevation of still another detail; J

Figure '7 i an end view of the detail of Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a cross section taken from Figure 1 on the line VIII-VIII;and

Figure .9 is a simulated perspective of a further detail.

More specifically, these usual tension bolts I of the tensile testingmachine, to the threaded ends of which it is customary to apply nutsmounting the specimen grips. In the present instance, each nut 2 has theusual flat end from which projects the neck 3 having the enlarged head4, the latter providing an outwardly extending flange on the neck. Theusual arrangement is to provide sleeves or collars having inwardlyextending flangesat both ends with the flanges at one end engaging theoutwardly extending flanges provided by the head 4 and with the flangesat the other and engaging the ends of the specimen which are cut toprovide outwardly extending flanges for this purpose, this sleevefbeinglongitudinally split into two halves which are completelyseparablelaterally, and provided with a locking sleeve that can he slid over thetwo halves and which is also completely separable, the result being thatwhen the user desires to ungrip the specimen he usually lets one or moreof these completely separable parts fall unless he is unusuallydexterous, and assembly of the parts to effect gripping of the specimenis an annoyance because of the necessity for holding all of the parts inproper position at once until the lockin sleeve can be applied drawingsshow the l 5 Claims. (01. 73-103) In the case "or the present invention,a sleeve 5 is also provided with inwardly extending flanges ll and l forthe purpose mentioned, and this sleeve 5 is split longitudinally intotwo halves that can be laterally separated completely. However, the nut2, which is in the form of a massive block, has holes '8 extendinglongitudinally through it in registration with the end of the sleeve 5at positions adjacent its laterally separable ortions of its sleeveparts at one of its sides, and these portions of the sleeve parts at theend having the flange '6 are provided with recesses 9 forming socketsregist'eringwith the holes 8, and long pivot pins [0 are passed throughthese holes 8 so that their lower ends extend into the recesses 9 of thesleeve parts, the pins l0 being retained in the holes 8 by havingscrew-threaded ends I l opposite their ends in the recesses 9 of thesleeve parts with these ends H in screw-threaded engagementwith theholes 8 at their end portions opposite the sleeve. This arrangementprovides a means for pivoting the sleeve parts for lateral swingingthereof in lateral sleeve-opening and sleeve-closing directions.

The above provides for interconnecting the sleeve parts with the nut orblock 2 but this connection is not complete because the sleeve parts maybe swung open so far that the sleeve flange 6 can disengage from theflange provided by the head 4. To prevent this, recesses or partialholes l2 are formed oppositethe holes 8 in the end of the nut or block 2and the ends of the sleeve parts having the recesses 9 are provided witharcuate grooves l3 concentric with the recesses 9, so that by means ofpins I4 slipped into the recesses l2 to work in the grooves l3, a meansis provided ior restraining swinging of the sleeve parts insleeve-opening directions beyond limits causing complete disengagementof the sleeve and block flanges. I

A second sleeve l5 longitudinally slides on the first sleeve 5 when thesleeve parts of the latter are closed, this sleeve I5 functioningto'restrain swinging of the sleeve parts in sleeve-opening directionswhile it is on the first sleeve, which is the sleeve 5. The outsides ofboth the block 2 and the sleeve 5 are cylindrical and have the samediameters, so the sleeve I5 is also cylindrical with an inside diameterjust sufliciently larger than the outside diameters of the block andsleeve-to permit its sliding, the outside of the block 2 providing anexterior surface which receives this second sleeve [5 so that thissleeve maybe slid completely thereon to permit sleeveopening swinging ofthe sleeve parts, or the secnd sleeve may be slid over the first sleevewhen desired to lock the sleeve parts against sleeveopening swinging.

The outside of the block 2 on which the sleeve I 5 slides is providedwith a longitudinally extending groove I 6 terminating in transverse orcircumferential grooves I! which extend but partly around thecircumference of the nut or block 2, and a pin I8 projects inwardly fromthe inside of the sleeve I5 so as to ride in the grooves I6 and IT. Thesleeve I5 can not only slide longitudinally on the outside of the block2 but it can turn thereon, the pin I8 cooperating with the groove I 6,which does not extend to the ends of the block 2, to restrain completedisengagement of the sleeve from the block 2 in either direction andhence restraining its complete disengagement from both the block 2 andthe sleeve 5 at once, whereby this sleeve can never fall or becomemisplaced. When in either extreme of its sliding longitudinally of theblock and the first sleeve, it may be rotated so that the pin I8 entersone or the other of the comparatively short transverse orcircumferential grooves IT and locks the sleeve against longitudinalsliding. That is to say, the sleeve may be locked in a position where itis completely free from the sleeve parts of the sleeve 5 whereby thelatter may be swung open, or it may be looked after it is slid onto thesleeve 5 so as to lock the sleeve parts against opening.

The wall thickness and length of the sleeve 5 between its flanges 6 andI are proportioned to provide spaces I9 for receiving the ends of thespecimen, marked S in the drawings, and in case the specimen ends arecircular and of considerable diameters, it may be necessary to outwardlyround the inside swinging corners of the sleeve parts to providelongitudinally extending recesses 20, since these corners mightotherwise interfere with such specimen ends when the sleeve parts areswung open so as to throw these corners toward the axis of the sleeve.

It is to be understood that the flanges I, which are opposite theflanges 6, are the ones which engage the specimen ends and that theymust be shaped as required for this purpose. If the specimen ends arethreaded then the inside edges of these flanges may be threaded, to citeone example of what might be necessary.

Because all the grip parts are interconnected it is not necessary toworry about the weight of the parts, so one of the sleeves 5 may be madeadequately long to make the space I9 inside the sleeve long enough totake the usual square end which is clamped by the lathe to rotate thepiece from which the specimen is turned, this being of advantage becausethe specimen identification is usually stamped on this square part andmust be restamped on the specimen itself in the case of the usualpractice of cutting this.

square end 01f, this involving the danger of error but being necessarywith the prior art grips because they must be light enough to handle andso cannot be made large enough for clearance. Since the present gripprovides for leaving this end on if desired, the transfer of theidentification is made unnecessary.

To use the new grip, the sleeve I5 is slid onto the outside of the block2 and turned to lock it in place, the sleeve parts are swung open,thespecimen end is positioned for engagement by the flanges I, thesleeve parts are swung closed to effect this engagement, and the sleeveI5 then unlocked, slid down over the sleeve 5 and partially turned tolock it in position. The reverse of all this efiects ungr-ipping of thespecimen. In no instance are there any loose parts to test the patienceof the operator of the tensile testing machine, and should the specimenbe pulled to destruction there are no loose parts to fly around andcause possible injury. At the same time, the entire grip may be veryeasily disassembled, the pin I8 being screwed through the sleeve I5 sothat it may be unscrewed and removed, this permitting the sleeve I5 tobe slid completely free from the various parts, and by unscrewing thepins I8 and moving them sufficiently so that their ends disengage fromthe recesses 9, the

sleeve parts may be completely removed from the flange provided by thehead 4 on the neck 3 projecting from the flat end of the nut or block 2.The manner of reassembly constitutes merely a reversall of these steps.The pins I l may be loose- 1y fitted since they cannot get away when theparts are assembled because their ends bear on the ends of the recessesl2 and grooves I3.

I claim:

1. A grip including the combination of a neck, an outwardly extendingflange on said neck, a sleeve encircling said neck and said flange, aninwardly extending flange on said sleeve engaging said outwardlyextending flange, said sleeve comprising a plurality of laterallyseparable sleeve parts, means for pivoting said sleeve parts for lateralswinging thereof in laterally sleeve-opening and sleeve-closingdirections, means for restraining swing-ing of said sleeve parts insleeve-opening directions beyond limits causing complete disengagementof said flanges, and means on said sleeve beyond said flanges forgripping an object when said sleeve parts are closed; said combinationfurther including a sleeve longitudinally sliding on the first namedsleeve when said sleeve parts are closed and which restrains swinging ofsaid sleeve parts in sleeve-opening directions while on said firstsleeve, a surface beyond this second named sleeve and longitudinallyregistering therewith when said sleeve parts are closed and slidablyreceiving said second named sleeve when it is slid from said first namedsleeve, and means for restraining sliding of said second named sleevebeyond limits causing its sliding completely from both said first namedsleeve and said surface; said combination still further including ablock with a side exterior providing said surface which receives saidsecond named sleeve and an end from which said neck projects withthisblock having holes extending longitudinally through it inregistration with the swinging axes of said sleeve parts, said sleeveparts having recesses in their ends adjacent said block end registeringwith said holes and their said pivoting means comprising removable pinspassed through said holes and projected into said recess, said sleevepart ends having arcuate grooves concentric with their said swingingaxes and said means for restraining their swinging comprising pinsprojecting from said block end into said arcuate grooves, said surfacefor receiving said second named sleeve having a longitudinal grooveterminating with transverse grooves and said means for restrainingslidin of said second named sleeve comprising an inwardly projecting pinon said second named sleeve and sliding in said grooves in said surface,said second named sleeve being rotative on said surface.

2. A grip including the combination of a block, a neck projecting fromone end of said block, an outwardly extending horizontal flange on saidneck, a sleeve encircling said neck and said flange, an inwardlyextending horizontal flange on said sleeve engaging said outwardlyextending flange, said sleeve comprising a plurality of laterallyseparable sleeve parts, pivot means substantially parallel to the axisof the sleeve for supporting said sleeve parts for pivoted movement in aplane normal to the sleeve axis, said pivot means bein supported in saidblock, means forming parts of the sleeve and the block for restrainingswinging of said sleeve parts in sleeve-opening direction-s beyondlimits causing complete disengagement of said flanges, means on saidsleeve beyond said flanges for gripping an object when said sleeve partsare closed, a sleeve longitudinally slidable on the first named sleevewhen said sleeve parts are closed and which restrains said sleeve partsin closed position while on said sleeve, a surface on said block forslidably receiving said second sleeve when it is retracted from saidfirst named sleeve, and means for holding said second named sleeve inretracted position on said surface.

3. A grip including the combination of a block, a neck projecting fromone end of said block, an outwardly extending flange on said neck, asleeve encircling said neck and said flange, an inwardly extendingflange on said sleeve engaging said outwardly extending flange, saidsleeve comprising a plurality of laterally separable sleeve parts, a pinsubstantially parallel to the axis of the sleeve for supporting eachsleeve part for pivoted movement in a plane normal to the sleeve axis,said block having longitudinal openings therein for receiving said pins,the ends of said sleeve parts having arcua-te grooves concentric withtheir pivot pins, pins projecting from said block into said arcuategrooves for restraining swinging of said sleeve parts in sleeve-openingdirection-s beyond limits causing complete disengagement of saidflanges, and means on said sleeve beyond said flanges for gripping anobject when said sleeve parts are closed.

4. A grip including the combination or a block, a neck projecting fromone end of said block, an outwardly extending flange on said neck, asleeve encircling said neck and said flange, an inwardly extendingflange on said sleeve engaging said outwardly extending flange, saidsleeve comprising a plurality of laterally separable sleeve parts, pivotmeans substantially parallel to the axis of the sleeve for supportingsaid sleeve parts for pivoted movement in a plane normal to the sleeveaxis,

said pivot means being supported in said block, the ends of said sleeveparts having arcu-ate grooves concentric with their pivot means, pinsprojecting from said block into said arcuate grooves for restrainingswinging of said sleeve parts in sleeve-opening directions beyond limitscausing complete disengagement of said flanges, means on said sleevebeyond said flanges for gripping an object when said sleeve pants areclosed, and means for holding the sleeve parts in closed position.

5. A grip including the combination of a neck. an outwardly extendinghorizontal flange on said neck, a member for supporting said neck, asleeve encircling said neck and said flange, an inwardly extendinghorizontal flange on said sleeve engaging said outwardly extendingflange, said sleeve comprising a plurality of laterally separable sleeveparts, pivot means mounted in said member substantially parallel to theaxis of the sleeve for supporting said sleeve parts for pivoted movementin .a plane normal to the sleeve axis, means forming parts of the sleeveand member for restraining swinging .of said sleeve parts insleeveopening directions beyond limits causing complete disengagement ofsaid flanges, means on said sleeve beyond said flanges for gripping anobject when said sleeve parts are closed, a sleeve longitudinallyslidable on the first named sleeve when said sleeve parts are closed andwhich restrains said sleeve parts in closed position while on said firstsleeve, a surface on said member beyond this second named sleeve andlongitudinally registering therewith when said sleeve parts are closedand slidably receiving said second named sleeve when it is retractedfrom said first named sleeve, and means for holding said second namedsleeve in retracted position on said surface.

ROBERT I. SANDERSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,725,892 Wilson Aug. 27, 1929FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 320,704 Great Britain Oct. 24, 1929492,741 Germany Mar. 1-5, 1930

